Geograhpical Information
SystemWhat is GIS?
GIS is an acronym for a Geograhpical Information System. A GIS is a
computer system for capturing, storing, checking, integrating,
manipulating, analysing and displaying data related to positions on the
Earth's surface. Typically, a Geographical Information System (or
Spatial Information System) is used for handling maps of one kind or
another. These might be represented as several different layers where
each layer holds data about a particular kind of feature. Each feature
is linked to a position on the graphical image of a map.
Why use GIS?
Data Management
One of the main benefits of GIS is improved management of your agency
and it’s resources. A GIS can link data sets together by common
locational data, such as addresses, which helps departments and agencies
share their data. By creating a shared database, one department can
benefit from the work of another—data can be collected once and used
many times.
Make Better Decisions
The old adage "better information leads to better decisions" is true
for GIS. A GIS is not just an automated decision making system but a
tool to query, analyze, and map data in support of the decision making
process.
For example, GIS can be used to help reach a decision about the
location of a new housing development that has minimal environmental
impact, is located in a low-risk area, and is close to a population
center. The information can be presented succinctly and clearly in the
form of a map and accompanying report, allowing decision makers to focus
on the real issues rather than trying to understand the data. Because
GIS products can be produced quickly, multiple scenarios can be
evaluated efficiently and effectively. GIS technology can be used to
solve a wide range of spatial problems, visualize data in 3 dimensions
and to examine temporal change.
Map Creation
Making maps with GIS is much more flexible than traditional manual or
automated cartography approaches. A GIS creates maps from data pulled
from databases. Existing paper maps can be digitized and translated into
the GIS as well.
The GIS-based cartographic database can be both continuous and scale
free. Map products can then be created centered on any location, at any
scale, and showing selected information symbolized effectively to
highlight specific characteristics. A map can be created anytime to any
scale for anyone, as long as you have the data.
GIS Subheadings
- Data Development
- Base Maps
- Parcel mapping
- Environmental
- Land Information
- Recreation
- Infrastructure
- Historical Maps
- Cultural Maps
- Visualization
- Cartographic Products
